Nueva Trova: Silvio Rodríguez, Pablo Milanés and Cuba's Revolution

The movement that turned a guitar into a poetic weapon

In late-1960s Cuba, while the world seethed with social movements and counterculture, a group of young Cuban musicians created something no revolution had achieved before: they turned the popular song into the most intimate and universal voice of a generation.

Nueva Trova wasn’t just a music genre. It was an act of faith in the power of a guitar, a voice, and words that refused to be banal.

Origins: from trova to commitment

Cuba had a troubadour tradition dating back to the 19th century in Santiago de Cuba. Trovadores like Sindo Garay and Manuel Corona had established a canon of poetic guitar-based song that defined Cuban musical identity.

But by the 1960s, that tradition needed renewal. Young people who had grown up with the 1959 Revolution wanted to express their reality — not just romantic love, but social justice, anti-colonialism, Latin American identity.

The spark came on February 18, 1968, when three young musicians — Silvio Rodríguez, Pablo Milanés, and Noel Nicola — gave a concert now considered the official birth of the movement. There was no name yet, but the energy was unmistakable.

Silvio Rodríguez: poet of the impossible

Born in San Antonio de los Baños in 1946, Silvio Rodríguez transformed Cuban song with unprecedented poetic language. Songs like Ojalá, Unicornio, La era está pariendo un corazón, and Playa Girón proved you could be profoundly lyrical and socially committed at the same time.

His influence transcends Cuba: entire generations across Latin America, Spain, and beyond grew up humming his melodies. His albums Días y flores (1975) and Mujeres (1978) are pillars of 20th-century Spanish-language music.

“The era is giving birth to a heart / it can’t go on, it’s dying of pain / and we must come running, for the future is falling…”

Pablo Milanés: the voice of feeling

If Silvio was the hermetic poet, Pablo Milanés (Bayamo, 1943 – Madrid, 2022) was the movement’s open heart. Trained in filin — Cuba’s romantic song movement of the 1950s — Pablo brought a melodic warmth that made even the most complex themes accessible.

Yolanda, perhaps Cuba’s most famous love song, is his. But so are deeply committed pieces like Yo pisaré las calles nuevamente (written for Chile after Pinochet’s coup) and Cuba va.

Pablo passed away in November 2022 in Madrid, leaving an irreplaceable void in Latin American music. His legacy lives on in every trovador who picks up a guitar with something to say.

The ICAIC Sound Experimentation Group

In 1969, under the auspices of the Cuban Institute of Cinematographic Art and Industry (ICAIC), the Grupo de Experimentación Sonora (GESI) was formed. Led by Leo Brouwer, the renowned Cuban classical guitarist, the group brought together Silvio, Pablo, Noel Nicola, Sara González, Eduardo Ramos, and other young musicians.

GESI was a laboratory: they composed soundtracks for ICAIC documentaries while exploring fusions of trova, jazz, rock, and Afro-Cuban music. This experimentation gave the movement a musical sophistication that set it apart from other Latin American protest song movements.

Continental connections

Nueva Trova didn’t exist in a vacuum. It drew from and fed into Chile’s Nueva Canción of Violeta Parra and Víctor Jara, Argentina’s new song movement of Mercedes Sosa, Catalonia’s nova cançó of Joan Manuel Serrat, and Brazilian tropicalismo of Caetano Veloso.

They all shared an ideal: song as a tool for social transformation, the guitar as companion to peoples in struggle. But Cuban Nueva Trova had a unique ingredient — Caribbean rhythm, the heritage of son cubano, and the island’s poetic tradition.

Beyond the founders

The movement transcended its three pillars. Figures like Sara González (trova’s most powerful female voice), Amaury Pérez, Vicente Feliú, and Carlos Varela (considered the bridge between Nueva Trova and later generations) expanded the Cuban trovador universe.

Carlos Varela, in particular, introduced a more introspective and critical gaze from the 1980s onward, with songs like Guillermo Tell that resonated deeply with Cuban youth during the Special Period.

Trova today: alive and transforming

Nueva Trova as a formal movement no longer exists, but its spirit beats on every corner of Cuba. Trova gatherings in cultural centers, young people with guitars on the Malecón, and a new generation of Cuban singer-songwriters who recognize Silvio and Pablo as inescapable roots.

The movement’s deepest legacy wasn’t political but human: it proved that a well-written song, sung with truth, can cross oceans and decades without losing its power.

---

From Aroma de Cuba, we celebrate the music that defines us. If Nueva Trova moves you, explore our guide to Cuban rumba and Cuban hip-hop, two movements that also used music as the people’s voice.