Cuban history

It was U.S. legislation passed in 1901 that set conditions for withdrawing American troops from Cuba, including the right to military intervention and the lease of naval bases like Guantánamo Bay.

It was repealed in 1934 through a new Treaty of Relations between Cuba and the United States, during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy. However, the Guantánamo Bay naval base was retained.

Cuba accepted under duress: the United States conditioned the withdrawal of its troops on inclusion of the amendment in Cuba's 1901 Constitution. Without it, the military occupation would continue indefinitely.

The United States militarily intervened in Cuba three times: the Second Occupation (1906-1909), the 1912 intervention, and the 1917 intervention, all justified under Article III of the amendment.

It was a period of severe economic crisis that began in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Cuba's main trading partner. GDP fell by 35% and imports dropped by over 80%.